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BA 3rd Sem (New) Human Rights (GE)

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By  Dr. Farzeen Unit- 1 Human Rights   Human Rights class , it is important to clarify one point first: Human rights did not “start” on one particular date. The idea of human dignity, justice and freedom is very old and can be found in different religious, philosophical and political traditions. However, modern human-rights law developed gradually , particularly from the 17th–18th centuries, and became an international framework after the Second World War, especially with the UDHR of 1948 . ( United Nations ) Historical Evolution of Human Rights 1. Ancient Roots of Human Rights The idea that human beings deserve justice and humane treatment is much older than the modern term “human rights.” Ancient philosophical and religious traditions discussed ideas such as: Human dignity Justice Equality Duties towards others Protection from arbitrary power Moral obligations of rulers However, we should not describe ancient laws as modern human-rights systems . The modern concept of unive...
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BA 3rd Sem. (New) Introduction to Political Theory (DSC)

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UNIT I: FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL THEORY 1. Meaning of Political Theory Introduction Political theory is one of the foundational areas of Political Science. It deals with fundamental questions about politics, power, authority, freedom, equality, justice, rights, democracy, the state, citizenship and the common good . Human beings have always lived in organised communities. Whenever people live together, questions arise: Who should govern? Why should people obey the government? What makes a government legitimate? What is freedom? Should everyone be treated equally? What does justice mean? What rights should individuals have? What is the relationship between the individual and the state? What kind of political system is desirable? Political theory attempts to answer such questions systematically. For example, suppose a government introduces a law restricting freedom of speech in the name of national security. Political theory asks: Is individual freedom more important than national securi...
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