Nuclear Disarmament: Role of UN and Superpowers (Detailed Explanation) 1. What is Nuclear Disarmament? Nuclear disarmament is  the act of reducing or completely eliminating nuclear weapons, with the ultimate goal of achieving a world entirely free of them . It is a critical component of global security and peace, initiated by the international community to prevent the catastrophic, long-term humanitarian and environmental consequences of nuclear warfare.   Key aspects and distinctions of nuclear disarmament: Definition:  It refers to the reduction or total abolition of nuclear weapons, including the infrastructure for their production. Disarmament vs. Arms Control:  While disarmament seeks the total elimination of weapons,  arms control  aims to manage and limit the development, testing, and production of weapons, focusing on stability and risk reduction. Disarmament vs. Non-Proliferation:   Non-proliferation  focuses on preventing the spread of n...

Issues of Women’s Empowerment Course: Generic Elective (GE) – Political Science Unit I: Foundations of Women’s Empowerment (12 Hours) 1. Concept and Definition of Women’s Empowerment Women’s empowerment is a multidimensional process through which women acquire the power, agency, and resources necessary to exercise control over their lives and influence decisions that affect them at the household, community, national, and global levels. According to UN Women , empowerment involves women’s ability to participate fully in economic, social, and political life, supported by access to education, healthcare, legal protection, and employment opportunities. Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach views empowerment as the expansion of women’s real freedoms and capabilities to choose the kind of life they value. Empowerment is not only about outcomes but also about the process of choice and agency. 2. Dimensions of Women’s Empowerment (a) Social Dimension Freedom from gender-based discrimination and ...