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M. A. 2nd Sem. Complete Syllabus (KU- Women's Studies)

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  PAPER 4 – WOMEN AND HEALTH M.A. 2nd Semester – Complete Class Notes By Dr. Farzeen UNIT I: WOMEN’S HEALTH ISSUES – PAST AND PRESENT SPHERES 1.  Introduction — Why Study Women’s Health Separately? Women’s health is shaped by  both biological and social determinants . Beyond reproduction, it includes  nutritional, psychological, occupational, and ageing-related issues . Health inequities arise from  patriarchy, poverty, cultural taboos, restricted mobility, and unequal access to healthcare . A  life-course perspective  is essential — adolescent health impacts reproductive health, which in turn influences women’s mid-life and old age health outcomes. 2. Historical Context of Women’s Health (a) Health and Reproduction in Traditional Societies Women’s health was historically perceived through the  biological lens of reproduction and childbearing . Primary focus: fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation. The identity of women was closely tied t...
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B.A. 6th Semester (Nuclear Disarmament- Role of UN & Super Powers)

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Nuclear Disarmament: Role of UN and Superpowers (Detailed Explanation) 1. What is Nuclear Disarmament? Nuclear disarmament is  the act of reducing or completely eliminating nuclear weapons, with the ultimate goal of achieving a world entirely free of them . It is a critical component of global security and peace, initiated by the international community to prevent the catastrophic, long-term humanitarian and environmental consequences of nuclear warfare.   Key aspects and distinctions of nuclear disarmament: Definition:  It refers to the reduction or total abolition of nuclear weapons, including the infrastructure for their production. Disarmament vs. Arms Control:  While disarmament seeks the total elimination of weapons,  arms control  aims to manage and limit the development, testing, and production of weapons, focusing on stability and risk reduction. Disarmament vs. Non-Proliferation:   Non-proliferation  focuses on preventing the spread of n...
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