Notes Prepared By Dr. Farzeen Syllabus UNIT 1: ALGORITHMS, AI AND CODED BIAS 1. Understanding How “Neutral” Algorithms Inherit Human Prejudices 1.1 What is an Algorithm? An algorithm is a structured procedure or set of rules used to process information and produce an output. For example: Input → Processing/Rules → Output A recruitment system may receive: CV + educational qualifications + experience + other information and produce: Shortlisted / Not shortlisted An algorithm itself does not necessarily have intentions or prejudices. However, the data, objectives, categories, assumptions and human decisions incorporated into an algorithm can reproduce existing social inequalities . NIST specifically emphasizes that AI bias is not only a technical problem. It can originate from datasets, algorithmic processes, human decision-making, institutions and wider society . ( NIST Publications ) 1.2 Why Are Algorithms Not Always Neutral? A common assumption is: Human beings are biased → computers ...