B. A. 2nd Sem. (Pol.Sc. Major) UnitI I: Introduction to Modern Governments

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Unit 1: Public Policy ( Vocational Paper), B. A. 3rd Semester Class Note

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Unit I: Include the following topics in this section: - Definition, Scope, Types & Significance of Public Policy,  -Public Policy as an Emerging Field of Study,  -Government Bodies (Legislature, -Executive,  Judiciary & Bureaucracy) Influencing Public Policy,  -Techniques of Policy Implementation.  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Definition, Scope, Types & Significance of Public Policy, 1. Definition of Public Policy Public Policy is the set of actions and decisions made by the government to address issues that affect the public. It is essentially a guide that government institutions follow to manage societal needs and allocate resources effectively. Public policy can range from laws and regulations to directives and budget allocations, all aimed at shaping the welfare of society. Definitions of Public Policy: - Thomas R. Dye:  " Public policy is whate...
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  Fundamentals of Modern Governments Unit I: Introduction to Modern Governments 1. Meaning and Concept of Government Government is a central concept in Political Science and refers to the institutional mechanism through which authority and power are exercised within a state. It is the organized body that formulates public policies, enforces laws, and resolves disputes in society. While the state is a permanent political association, the government is its temporary and dynamic agent. Scholars emphasize that government is not merely a collection of rulers, but a system of institutions created to achieve collective goals, maintain order, and ensure justice. Standard Definitions: J.W. Garner defines government as “the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and realized.” This definition highlights the functional role of government as the executor of state authority. Woodrow Wilson views government as “the organization of the common power which enables...
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