BA. 2nd Se. (NEW) Previous years QP (Foundation of Modern Government)

-

Session-2025-2026





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

B. A. 1st Sem, (NEW)Unit: I, (Major-DSC) Basic Principals of Political Science

-
Image
By Dr. Farzeen Bano Unit-1 Politics Origin and Meaning - The term " politics " is derived from the Greek word “ polis ”, meaning a city-state in ancient Greece. - Aristotle referred to politics as the “master science” because it governs all aspects of human life.   Definitions of Politics 1. Aristotle : “Politics is the study of the affairs of the polis or state.” 2. David Easton: “Politics is the authoritative allocation of values.” 3. Harold Lasswell: “Politics is who gets what, when, and how.” 4. Andrew Heywood: “Politics is the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.” - Politics involves decision-making, distribution of resources, and governance within a group or society. Scope 1. State and Government : Structure, processes, and functions of institutions. 2. Power and Authority: Study of power dynamics and legitimacy. 3. Political Behavior: Analysis of political attitudes and participation. 4. Public Policie...
Read more

B. A. 2nd Sem. (NEW) (DSC) Unit I-V Introduction to Modern Governments

-
  Fundamentals of Modern Governments Unit I: Introduction to Modern Governments 1. Meaning and Concept of Government Government is a central concept in Political Science and refers to the institutional mechanism through which authority and power are exercised within a state. It is the organized body that formulates public policies, enforces laws, and resolves disputes in society. While the state is a permanent political association, the government is its temporary and dynamic agent. Scholars emphasize that government is not merely a collection of rulers, but a system of institutions created to achieve collective goals, maintain order, and ensure justice. Standard Definitions: J.W. Garner defines government as “the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and realized.” This definition highlights the functional role of government as the executor of state authority. Woodrow Wilson views government as “the organization of the common power which enables...
Read more

Unit 1: Public Policy ( Vocational Paper), B. A. 3rd Semester Class Note

-
Image
Unit I: Include the following topics in this section: - Definition, Scope, Types & Significance of Public Policy,  -Public Policy as an Emerging Field of Study,  -Government Bodies (Legislature, -Executive,  Judiciary & Bureaucracy) Influencing Public Policy,  -Techniques of Policy Implementation.  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Definition, Scope, Types & Significance of Public Policy, 1. Definition of Public Policy Public Policy is the set of actions and decisions made by the government to address issues that affect the public. It is essentially a guide that government institutions follow to manage societal needs and allocate resources effectively. Public policy can range from laws and regulations to directives and budget allocations, all aimed at shaping the welfare of society. Definitions of Public Policy: - Thomas R. Dye:  " Public policy is whate...
Read more